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Theodore Roosevelt

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For other people named Theodore Roosevelt, see Theodore Roosevelt (disambiguation).

Theodore Roosevelt
Roosevelt around 1904
26th President of the United States
In office September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909
Vice President	None (1901–1905)[a] Charles W. Fairbanks (1905–1909)
Preceded by	William McKinley
Succeeded by	William Howard Taft
25th Vice President of the United States
In office March 4, 1901 – September 14, 1901
President	William McKinley
Preceded by	Garret Hobart
Succeeded by	Charles W. Fairbanks
33rd Governor of New York
In office January 1, 1899 – December 31, 1900
Lieutenant	Timothy L. Woodruff
Preceded by	Frank S. Black
Succeeded by	Benjamin Barker Odell Jr.
Assistant Secretary of the Navy
In office April 19, 1897 – May 10, 1898
President	William McKinley
Preceded by	William McAdoo
Succeeded by	Charles Herbert Allen
President of the New York City Board of Police Commissioners
In office May 6, 1895 – April 19, 1897[1]
Preceded by	James J. Martin
Succeeded by	Frank Moss
New York State Assembly Minority Leader
In office January 1, 1883 – December 31, 1883
Preceded by	Thomas G. Alvord
Succeeded by	Frank Rice
Member of the New York State Assembly from the Manhattan 21st district
In office January 1, 1882 – December 31, 1884
Preceded by	William J. Trimble
Succeeded by	Henry A. Barnum
Personal details
Born	Theodore Roosevelt Jr. October 27, 1858 New York City, New York, U.S.
Died	January 6, 1919 (aged 60) Oyster Bay, New York, U.S.
Resting place	Youngs Memorial Cemetery, Oyster Bay, New York, U.S.
Political party	Republican (1880–1911, 1916–1919)
Other political affiliations	Progressive "Bull Moose" (1912–1916)
Spouse(s)	Alice Lee (m. 1880; died 1884) Edith Carow (m. 1886)
Relations	Roosevelt family
Children	Alice Theodore III Kermit Ethel Archibald Quentin
Parents	Theodore Roosevelt Sr. Martha Stewart Bulloch
Education	Harvard University (B.A.) Columbia Law School (J.D.) (posthumously; 2008)[2]
Profession	Author Conservationist Explorer Historian Naturalist Police Commissioner Politician Soldier Sportsman
Civilian awards	Nobel Peace Prize (1906)
Signature
Military service
Branch/service	New York Army National Guard
Years of service	1882–1886, 1898
Rank	Colonel
Commands	1st United States Volunteer Cavalry
Battles/wars	Spanish–American War  • Battle of Las Guasimas  • Battle of San Juan Hill
Military awards	Medal of Honor (posthumously; 2001)

This article is part of a series about Theodore Roosevelt
Political positions Electoral history Early life Family The Naval War of 1812 Rough Riders  Battle of San Juan Hill 1886 New York City mayoral election Governor of New York Governorship "The Strenuous Life" Vice President of the United States 1900 McKinley-Roosevelt campaign "Speak softly and carry a big stick" President of the United States Presidency  Timeline First term McKinley assassination 1st inauguration Square Deal West Wing Coal strike Booker T. Washington dinner Venezuela crisis  Roosevelt Corollary Second term 1904 campaign  Election 2nd inauguration Conservation Antiquities Act Forest Service Pure Food and Drug Act FDA Swift & Co. v. United States Meat Inspection Act Treaty of Portsmouth Nobel Prize FBI Panama Canal Great White Fleet 1912 election Republican Convention Progressive Party  Convention New Nationalism Assassination attempt Post Presidency African Expedition River of Doubt Expedition "Citizenship in a Republic" WWI volunteers Legacy Memorials
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Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (/ˈroʊzəvɛlt/ ROH-zə-velt;^[b] October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was an American statesman, politician, conservationist, naturalist, and writer who served as the 26th president of the United States from 1901 to 1909. He served as the 25th vice president from March to September 1901 and as the 33rd governor of New York from 1899 to 1900. Roosevelt emerged as a leader of the Republican Party and became a driving force for the anti-trust policy while supporting Progressive Era policies in the United States in the early 20th century. His face is depicted on Mount Rushmore alongside George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln. He is generally ranked in polls of historians and political scientists as one of the five best presidents.^[4]

Roosevelt was a sickly child with debilitating asthma, but he overcame his health problems by embracing a strenuous lifestyle, as well as growing out of his asthma naturally in his young adult years. He integrated his exuberant personality, vast range of interests, and world-famous achievements into a "cowboy" persona defined by robust masculinity. He was home-schooled, and he began a lifelong naturalist avocation before attending Harvard College. His book The Naval War of 1812 (1882) established his reputation as a learned historian and as a popular writer. Upon entering politics, he became the leader of the reform faction of Republicans in New York's state legislature. His wife and his mother both died in rapid succession, and he escaped to a cattle ranch in the Dakotas. He served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President William McKinley, but he resigned from that post to lead the Rough Riders during the Spanish–American War, returning a war hero. He was elected Governor of New York in 1898. Vice President Garret Hobart died, and the New York state party leadership convinced McKinley to accept Roosevelt as his running mate in the 1900 election. Roosevelt campaigned vigorously, and the McKinley-Roosevelt ticket won a landslide victory based on a platform of peace, prosperity, and conservation.

Roosevelt took office as vice president in March 1901 and assumed the presidency at age 42 after McKinley was assassinated the following September. He remains the youngest person to become President of the United States. Roosevelt was a leader of the Progressive movement, and he championed his "Square Deal" domestic policies, promising the average citizen fairness, breaking of trusts, regulation of railroads, and pure food and drugs. He made conservation a top priority and established many new national parks, forests, and monuments intended to preserve the nation's natural resources. In foreign policy, he focused on Central America where he began construction of the Panama Canal. He expanded the Navy and sent the Great White Fleet on a world tour to project the United States' naval power around the globe. His successful efforts to broker the end of the Russo-Japanese War won him the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize. He avoided controversial tariff and money issues. Roosevelt was elected to a full term in 1904 and continued to promote progressive policies, many of which were passed in Congress. He groomed his close friend William Howard Taft, and Taft won the 1908 presidential election to succeed him.

Roosevelt grew frustrated with Taft's conservatism and belatedly tried to win the 1912 Republican nomination. He failed, walked out, and founded the so-called "Bull Moose" Party which called for wide-ranging progressive reforms. He ran in the 1912 election and the split allowed the Democratic nominee Woodrow Wilson to win the election. Following the defeat, Roosevelt led a two-year expedition to the Amazon basin where he nearly died of tropical disease. During World War I, he criticized President Wilson for keeping the country out of the war with Germany, and his offer to lead volunteers to France was rejected. He considered running for president again in 1920, but his health continued to deteriorate and he died in 1919.

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